(三)阅读训练 阅读课文摘自《安妮日记》,讲述了安妮把日记作为朋友倾诉自己内心感受的一段故事。二十世纪四十年代纳粹德国统治欧洲大部分地区,德国纳粹政策之一是对犹太人残酷迫害,包括杀害、送到集中营强迫劳动、驱逐出欧洲等。教师应该让学生了解这段德国法西斯残害犹太人的历史,使学生在感受外国历史文化的同时自然而然地习得语言。只有了解当时的历史背景,才能理解她当时的心境和为什么将日记视为自己的朋友,才能深刻理解安妮日记的内涵。在此基础上,教师可引导学生对该文章进行全面整体理解,也可以给学生设置情景,引发他们的思考。例如:“如果你是安妮,你会怎么做?”“如果你三天不许出门,呆在一个小阁楼上,你会做什么?” 这样可以使学生通过体验学习,感悟语境、实践语言,以达到强化学生语言意识,积累语言经验的目的。 在此基础上请学生做“理解” (Comprehending)练习,效果会更好。在进行了较全面、深入的探究之后,学生已经将课文里的大部分内容融会贯通,消化理解。这阶段要尽量挖掘学生的学习潜能。让学生做学习的主人,学会自己解决问题。在交互学习、合作学习中,解决他们在理解课文的过程中产生的问题。通过讨论,发现和猜测文中生词、短语的意思。一些词、短语、难句、语法问题可以通过讨论得到解决。剩余的难点或学生讨论时忽略的重点,教师要及时补充。教师不要急于讲解课文、单词、短语、难句、语法等,要注意给学生提供充分的思维时间和空间,使学生的学习潜能得以最大限度的挖掘。 (四)词汇教学 本单元的一些单词和短语要针对学生的不同需要、不同层次、不同情况给予不同的指导和训练。教师可适当培养学生根据语篇、语境猜词的能力。比如:I don\’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but ... 先问学生他们一般写日记写什么,多数情况下如何写?学生会提出许多种日记的写法,其中可能有“流水账”写法。学生自然会猜到set down a series of facts应该是“记流水账”的意思。再如cheat一词的学习,引导学生读原句 You are taking your end-of-term exam.Your friend, who doesn\’t work hard, asks you to help him / her cheat in the exam by looking at your paper.让学生考虑不用功的学生在考试中请别人“帮忙”,看别人的试卷是什么行为,那一定是“欺骗、作弊”。所以,使用新教材教学生单词,一定要改变过去那种教师照字典讲讲讲,学生在课堂上记记记的做法。因为语言学习不只是传授性的,而且具有体验实践性,要引导学生自学、自做、自助、自悟,即指导学生形成自主学习意识,掌握合适的学习策略;激发学生的学习热情,让学生学会自己动手,收集信息、处理信息,用所学语言去实践。通过自学、自做解决问题,同时帮助其他同学解决问题,使学生在运用语言的过程中感悟体验所学语言的规律,培养语言意识,积累语言经验,形成语言感觉,达到语言运用的目的。 教师要根据学生的实际情况和需要进行讲解和操练。切忌面面俱到,照搬照抄。 (五)写的训练 本单元写作训练的设计十分有利于“任务型”教学。如:一位学生写给编辑的信,谈了自己没有朋友的烦恼,请编辑帮忙。这一训练要求学生以编辑的身份给这位学生写一封回信,并给出了一些写作指导和建议。我们可以看到,这个任务的设置既有真实语境支持,又有双向和交互特征。教师可以鼓励学生使用交际策略先用口语交谈,再写成文章。此处教师可根据学生情况安排一个任务。 例如:The teacher can ask students to work in pairs,”Imagine you are the student Xiaodong and your partner is the editor.Now you have a chance to talk to the‘editor\’instead of writing to him.Make a dialogue with your partner.” (六)语法教学 本单元的主要语法项目是陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的直接引语和间接引语。学生用书和练习册中已有比较充分的练习。教师在教学中注意提醒学生不要死记硬背直接引语转换为间接引语的一些简单规则,而是要启发学生从实际出发,灵活掌握、运用规律。 例如:My friend says,”I will come here tomorrow.”如果用间接引语表示,有许多不同的表达方式。 如果此时此地,你来转述,应该说: My friend says she(he) will come here tomorrow. 如果时间变了,地点不变,你来转述,应该说: My friend said she (he)would come here the next day. 如果地点变了,时间还是今天,你来转述,应该说: My friend said she (he)will go there tomorrow. 如果时间地点都变了,你来转述,应该说: My friend said she (he)would go there the next day. 如果由别人转述,时间地点都变了,应该说: He (She)said he (she)would go there the next day. 由此可以看出,使用直接引语和间接引语要注意具体语境。 三、自我评价建议 (一)非测试性评价 学生学完本单元后,通过练习册中的Checking yourself 进行自我评价,主要评价一下自己在本单元中的学习情况。对书中的内容是否感兴趣,有哪些收获,解决了什么问题,学习策略有什么改进,还有什么地方需要加强。同时,使学生加深对友谊、友情、朋友的理解,以及如何正确交友处友,对待友谊友情,处理朋友间发生的问题等。 下面的两项补充评价活动供教师在教学中参考使用。 自我评价 (1)最好用于期末: Level — Senior 1 or 2 Time — 15-20 minutes Materials — One copy of the questionnaire for each student Questionnaire WHAT LEARNING ACTIVITIES WERE MOST USEFUL TO YOU? Number the following activities according to how much they helped you to learn English.(1 = most useful to you, 2 = useful to you, 3 = not useful to you) Learning vocabulary lists by heart Doing grammar exercises Translating Listening to people talking Listening to tapes and answering questions Listening to the radio or watching TV Writing compositions or letters Practising speaking with other people Going to the language lab Reading books or stories for pleasure □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ Compare your answers with your partner and explain to each other why some activities are more useful to you. 自我评价 (2)主要用于本单元: Read the following statements and then tick Yes or No to show your opinions upon friendship. Yes No 1.Friendship is very important to me.□ □ 2.I have a lot of friends.□ □ 3.There can be true friendship between a schoolboy and a schoolgirl.□ □ 4.I am very kind to my friends.□ □ 5.I think everyone should have friends.□ □ 6.Friends must have the same character.□ □ 7.I keep a diary and think it is my close friend.□ □ 8.When my friend is in trouble, I am always ready to help.□ □ 9.I don\’t like to talk to others very much.I like to be alone.□ □ 10.I keep a pet animal and treat it like a friend.□ □ (二)测试性评价 1.Complete the sentences using the words below in their proper forms. add point ignore reason dare suffer advice communicate power 1)Can you explain the ________ behind the decision? 2)Jane, who grows up in a circus, is able to ________ with all the animals. 3)After the earthquake, people hardly ________ hope that their families were still alive. 4)I ________ from a bad headache after the operation. 5)I followed my teacher\’s ________ and bought an English-English dictionary. 6)Parts of the city had ________ cuts yesterday because of the big fire from the restaurant. 7)Please ________ your daughter\’s name to this list. 8)Air pollution is one of the problems that we can\’t afford to ________. 9)There are five important ________ in her speech. 参考答案: 1)reasons 2)communicate 3)dared(to) 4)suffered / was suffering 5)advice 6)power 7)add 8)ignore 9)points 2.Complete the short passage using suitable phrases you learned from this unit.When you finish, try working out a surprising ending of the story with a partner. Paul and I are good friends.We always ________ each other.He can ________ in his head quite easily, but I have to ________ all the numbers on paper for calculations.Last week Paul took me to a newly opened small pub.I ________ it as soon as I stepped in.It was such a nice place with all kinds of lovely candles.While we were chatting happily together, someone came near at our table.He asked politely,”Can I ________ ?\"... 参考答案: get along (well)with; add up; set down; fell in love with; join in 补充参考资料 (Supplementary reference materials) 补充注释 (一)词汇注释 1.add(v.) 1)to put together with something else so as to increase the number, size, importance, etc 增加,添加。 Please add something to what I\’ve said, John.约翰,请对我说的话做点补充吧。 2)to join numbers, amount, etc so as to find the total 相加。 Add up these figures for me, please.请帮我把这些数字加起来。 add to something:to increase 增加。 What he did has added to our difficulties.他的所作所为增加了我们的困难。 add up to:to amount to 加起来等于;总计(达)。 The cost added up to 100 million yuan.费用总计达一亿元。 2.cheat 用作动词,表示 1)to act in a dishonest way in order to win 欺骗;作弊。 Any student caught cheating will have to leave the classroom.任何被发现作弊的学生将被赶出教室。 2)to take from (someone)in a dishonest way 骗;骗取。 They cheated the old woman (out)of her money by making her sign a document she didn\’t understand.他们让那老妇人在她不懂的文件上签字,骗了她的钱。 用作名词,表示 1)an act of cheating 作弊行为。 2)one who cheats 骗子。 3.go through 1)to examine carefully 仔细阅读或研究。 I went through the students?papers last night.昨晚我仔细阅读了学生的作业。 2)to experience 经历;遭受或忍受。 You really don\’t know what we went through while working on this project.你的确不知道我们搞这个项目吃了多少苦。 4.crazy (adj.) 1)mad, foolish 疯狂的,愚蠢的。 It\’s crazy to go out in such hot weather.在这么热的天出门,真是愚蠢。 2)wildly excited; very interested 狂热的,着迷的。 She is crazy about dancing.她对跳舞十分着迷。 5.lonely (v.): unhappy because of being alone or without friends 孤独的,寂寞的。 He has been very lonely since his wife left him.妻子走后,他十分孤独。 lonely 与alone 的区别 alone (adj.) 1)without any friends or separated from others 单独的。 She lives alone.她独自一人生活。 2)only仅仅;只有。用于名词或代词之后。 The gloves alone cost $ 80.光是手套就花了80美元。 3)leave / let sb or sth alone:not take, touch or interfere with sb or sth 不带走;不触摸;不干涉某人或某事。 Leave that alone.It\’s mine.不要动,那是我的东西。 She has asked to be left alone.她要求不要打扰她。 6.be concerned about / for:be worried about 担心。 We\’re all concerned about her safety.我们都为她的安全担忧。 (二)难句解析 1.Your friend comes to school very upset.你的朋友来上学,心情非常不好。 1)upset (adj.): worried; annoyed 不安的;心烦意乱的。 2)upset (vt.): cause to worry, to be sad, to be angry, not to be calm, etc 使不安;使心烦意乱。 His cheating in the exam upset his teacher.他在考试中作弊,这使他的老师很生气。 2.Your friend, who doesn\’t work hard, asks you to help him / her cheat in the exam by looking at your paper. 这里的who doesn\’t work hard 是非限制性定语从句。整个句子可译成“你的朋友不用功。他要在考试中(偷)看你的试卷,(要你)帮他作弊。” 3.Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢? whom you could tell everything to 是定语从句,修饰friend。 此处的 like 相当于such as。 He has learned some foreign languages, like (such as)French and German.他已学会了几门外语,如法语和德语。 4.I can well remember that ... 我记得非常清楚…… well n.井 adj.身体好 adv.好;非常 int.喔,噢,这个…… 本课这句话中的well 是副词,意思是“非常、彻底、完全”(quite, much, thoroughly)。 George was well and truly drunk.乔治喝得烂醉。 I couldn\’t very well say no when there was no one else she could ask.她没有别人可以求助,我实在是无法拒绝她。 He finished the exam well within the time allowed.他在规定时间之前很早就做完了试卷。 5.... flowers could never have kept me spellbound.……鲜花从未令我心迷神往过。 spellbind (v.): to hold the complete attention of 吸引人,迷人;使入迷。 The children watched spellbound as the magician took rabbits from his hat.当魔术师从他的帽子里变出兔子时,孩子们都看得入了迷。
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