LISTENING TEXT Do you keep a diary? Is there anybody or anything so special to you that you would like to write it down? You may say to yourself,”I will put this away for now, but later in my life I will read it again and think about what happened to me when I was young.?Why do you wish to do this? Because you don\’t want to forget it, whether it is good or bad.You are afraid that you will not be able to remember what really happened or how you felt about it at the time.Most important, perhaps, you hope to keep your memories of the person, place or thing, especially if it changed your life. That is why some of us put our thoughts into a diary.A diary is very personal.It is usually filled with writing that you want to keep only for yourself.In other words, you don\’t wish to share what you have written with anyone else.So, in a diary the writer and the reader are the same person — you.Sure, you might decide to share your secret thoughts and feelings with your best friend, but you will not read everything to her or him.A diary is often only interesting to the person who keeps it.Now you may have a better understanding of why Anne thought her diary a good friend to her. _____________________________________ Answer key: special; happened; were young; personal; feelings; why; thought TALKING 1 Listen to what Leslie Clark, the Canadian, has to say about her experiences with friendship in China. 2 Ask the students in small groups to discuss whether they agree or disagree with her. 3 Then have the students take sides: at least one of them will support Leslie\’s viewpoint, and the rest will not support it.Tell the students to think about why they agree or disagree with Leslie. _____________________________________ LISTENING TEXT Leslie Clark, a Canadian from Vancouver, arrives in China to do some business in Luoyang, Henan Province.Her company sells buses.During her one-month stay she meets many Chinese people: officials, engineers, businessmen, store-owners, shop assistants, students, teachers, road workers and bus drivers.Most of these people try to make friends with her.A few of them invite her to dinners with delicious food and drink.They take her to visit interesting places and to a mountain in the countryside.She is given a comfortable room in the best hotel in town.Some people invite her to be their guest in their homes.Leslie is asked whether she thinks Chinese people are friendly.\"Yes,\" she says without a moment\’s thought,”I think Chinese are very friendly.?Everyone who asks her says that they are glad to hear it.However, when she got on the plane to fly home, another Canadian asks her,”S o, did you make any friends in China??Leslie replies, \"Yes, I made some very good friends.But I\’m really not sure about a few of the others, I think some of them just tried to be my friends for their own reasons.\" _____________________________________ Sample dialogue: A: I agree with Leslie.What she said is true.In China, people are very friendly. B: I\’m afraid I can\’t agree with you.Some people are, but sometimes they make friends to get a job or to get to know important people.I want to have friends to share my thoughts and feelings with.I want us to care for each other.Whenever you are in trouble, you don\’t feel worried if you have your friends.And your friends can get help from you too if they need it.Isn\’t that being a good friend? C: Exactly.A friend in need is a friend indeed.You can not just think of yourself, you must think about your friend\’s needs, interests and feelings. A: That\’s correct.But some people do try to use a friend- ship to help them make a lot of money.You need friends in business and Leslie is in business.So she has to expect that some people are being nice to her to get some advantage for themselves. B: Yes, of course.But a true friend will last and stay friends for many years.Leslie will just have to see if the Chinese friends she made will stay friends for a long time.Then she will know true Chinese friendship. USING WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS Answer key for Exercise 1: 1 trust; concerned; calm down; in order to 2 share; thoughts; upsets; feelings 3 on purpose 4 crazy; share; cheats 5 has gone through Answer key for Exercise 2: 1 They hid there for almost two years and never dared go out. 2 We tried to calm him down, but he kept shouting. 3 Don\’t laugh at him.Sometimes you are not able to do as well as he (does). 4 In the early 20th century, China went through too many wars. 5 The children haven\’t been outdoors (have been indoors)all day.Let them play outdoors for a while. 6 Please use the word to make a sentence according to the situation given. 7 This series of readers is very interesting. 8 The man saved the girl from the river and her mother was very grateful. 9 Mr Jones lives alone and often feels lonely. 10 We communicate with each other by Internet / through the Internet. USING STRUCTURES Suggested answers to Exercise 1: Anne said that they went quickly upstairs and into the hiding place when they arrived at Prinsengracht.She said that they closed the door behind them and they were alone.She said (that)Margot had come faster on her bicycle and was already waiting for them.She said (that)all the rooms were full of boxes and they lay on the floor and the beds.She said (that)the little room was filled with bedclothes and they had to start clearing up at once, if they wished to sleep in comfortable beds that night.Anne said (that)her mother and Margot were not able to help.She said (that)they were tired and lay down on their beds, but her daddy and she, the two \"Helpers\" of the family, started at once. Anne said (that)they unpacked the boxes, filled the cupboards and tidied the whole day, until they were extremely tired.She said they did sleep in clean beds that night.She said they hadn\’t had any warm food to eat all day, but they didn\’t care.Anne said (that)her mother and Margot were too tired and worried to eat, and her daddy and she were too busy. LISTENING TASK As we all know, students sometimes have difficult relationships with their parents.Anne was no different.She loved her father but she did not always follow his advice.She felt that he did not always understand her and was trying to protect her too much.She also wondered whether he worried too much about what other people thought.Anne felt she should be able to make her own friends and take responsibility for her choices.This was the problem she had with Peter.Her father felt she was too young to have a boy for a close friend.Anne felt Peter was the only person in the attic that she could talk to about her feelings.This listening passage describes how Anne tries to deal with this issue and the result of this conflict. Teaching Suggestions: 1 Before listening to the tape, discuss with the students whether they always do what their parents tell them.Are there situations where they disagree with their parents? For example, a student may prefer to relax after dinner before doing his homework.However, his parents want him to do it right away.Or, a student may have a friend whom his / her parents do not like.He / She may not want to end the friendship but the parents may insist on it.If time permits, discuss further with students the consequences of disobeying their parents.In particular, ask them what their parents would do and what attitude they would have towards their parents. 2 Now have students listen to the passage. 3 After listening, have students discuss in small groups what they think Anne\’s father will do. _____________________________________ LISTENING TEXT On Saturday evening I asked Peter whether he thought I ought to tell Daddy about our friendship.When we\’d discussed it a little, he decided that I should.I was glad, because it showed he was a good person.As soon as I got downstairs I went off with Daddy to get some water.While we were on the stairs I told him about Peter and my friendship.Daddy didn\’t reply right away and then he said,”I think you must be careful, Anne.We live so close together here.”On Sunday morning he called me and we talked about it again.“Anne, I have thought about what you said.I think you must not talk to him alone so often.This is a special situation.If you were outside like everyone else, you would see other boys and girls and you could do all kinds of other things.But here, you are a lot together and if you want to get away you can\’t.You see each other 24 hours a day — in fact all the time.? Then on Friday he showed he was not pleased with me.He had thought that after our talk on Sunday I would not go upstairs every evening.But I did not agree, so I continued to talk to Peter every evening. _____________________________________ _____________________________________ SPECIAL NOTE: Anne, in fact, continued to see Peter but her father was quite upset.She wrote her father a letter to explain how she felt about Peter.Anne said that Peter was the only person she felt comfortable talking to about her feelings.In the letter, she also told her father that she felt her parents didn\’t show enough love for her and didn\’t trust her enough.Her father told her that it was the worst letter he had ever received in his life.She had been loved and cared for, Mr Frank insisted.Furthermore, he told Anne that they were only thinking of what was best for her.Anne felt ashamed and cried.Yet, Anne\’s father allowed her to continue to talk to Peter.In return, Anne assured her father that Peter and her would remain just good friends. _____________________________________ 2 Answers will vary.This could be developed into a class discussion. Suggested answers to Exercise 1: What Anne\’s father thought What Anne thought about being friends with Peter She should be careful to make friends with Peter. She wanted her father to be happy for her to have a friend. about talking to him every night He was unhappy. She wanted to continue. about following her father\’s ideas He thought Anne would agree to stop seeing Peter so often. She thought her father was wrong. Suggested answers to Exercise 2: 1 Everyone needs a friend.Anne needs a good friend. 2 They can talk together happily and they are not doing anything wrong. 3 They are always with the family, so her father can watch over her. READING TASK Although, friendship is valued in all cultures, it is often expressed in different ways.This is especially true in Hawaii, which prides itself on making friends with strangers.The word for friendship is \"aloha,\" but the word carries many meanings, depending on the situation in which it is used.For example, it can also mean \"Goodbye.\" The idea is to let others know that whether they are coming or going, they are always welcome.So the word”a loha?has as much to do with \"friendliness\"as friendship. Hawaii is a unique place in many ways.The eight larger islands are farther away from the continents than any other islands in the Pacific Ocean.Yet they are home to rich cultural diversity.The first inhabitants were the Hawaiians, a people who sailed to these islands in wooden canoes centuries ago from another part of Polynesia.In the past 150 years, other peoples have come to live here from every East and Southeast Asian nation and most of the other islands in the Pacific Ocean.They have also come from North America and Western Europe.More importantly, Hawaii is a place where the East truly meets the West.The living and learning environment of these beautiful islands mixes the best of both worlds.This coming together of cultures happens in the schools, in business and in government.It also happens in families: most of the people are multi-racial, that is, from many races.No racial or ethnic group is a majority, either, which makes Hawaii the only state in the US with this special situation.To be Hawaiian nowadays is to be part of a new culture that is open to change. Teaching Suggestions: 1 Before they read the passage, ask students if they can think of any place in the world where Chinese and Western cultures live side by side.Places they might mention include Hong Kong, Macao, Singapore, the Philippines, San Francisco and Vancouver.Ask them to describe what they imagine life to be like in such a place. 2 Now have students read the passage. 3 After they read it, have students talk with a partner and consider how the Hawaiian idea of friendship could help different peoples to get along with one another.Besides friendship, you may want to have students think of another way to communicate better with people from other cultures. Suggested answers to Exercise 1: aloha to be with happiness / goodbye / our hearts singing together lokahi oneness with all people kokua help ohana family lei a circle of flowers worn around the neck Suggested answers to Exercise 2: 1 Hawaiians say \"aloha\" to each other to show friend-ship. 2 They welcome people of all races, languages and cultures with \"lokahi\" which means \"oneness with all people\". 3 They give visitors a \"lei\" to make them feel at home. 4 It\’s because Hawaii is a place where many cultures live together peacefully and co-operate with each other. 5 They try to help each other so that all feel stronger.People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind blowing from the sea. 6 They solve the problems with understanding and treat all people as if they are part of the same family. 7 Students\’answers will vary. SPEAKING TASK The purpose of this task is to provide students with communicative practice.The students are put into situations that involve moral choices and could happen to anyone.These situations do not have a clearly right or wrong choice.Rather, their importance lies in the ideas produced during the discussion. Teaching Suggestions: 1 In pairs, have the students read the situations and choose one to discuss. 2 After each pair comes to an agreement, have them record their solution to the problem on a piece of paper and give it to you. 3 Put pairs that have different solutions to the same situation in groups of four. 4 Let them present their reasons to each other about what to do and try to come to an agreement about the best course of action. 5 Have a student from each group report their new solution to the class. 6 If time permits, ask the students to work in pairs and make a dialogue like the following. Sample dialogue: S1: Hello, Liu Ming.How are you? I have something to discuss with you.I feel very uncomfortable about this but I think we must talk about it.I have been offered a ticket to a concert of the”Backstreet Boys? S2: Wow! That\’s wonderful! I know how much you like them and how much you have always wanted to go to one of their concerts.Is there any chance I might get a ticket too? S1: I am so sorry.They are only staying here for one night and Shen Ming offered me one.There was only one, or of course I would have thought of you. S2: When are they coming? Perhaps I can queue up with you to get their autographs? S1: That\’s just what I wanted to say.The concert is on Saturday. S2: Oh I see.You want to change our arrangement for the picnic.Well, as a matter of fact I cannot go either on Saturday.My cousin is coming over and we shall have to visit my aunt. S1: So it all turned out for the best.Thank goodness! WRITING TASK The purpose of this task is to involve the students in a critical thinking process.The students are provided with a list of proverbs about friends and friendship.These may help them to better understand how differently people see friends.It also gives them a chance to express their own views on friends and friendship.Make sure the students understand the meaning of the proverbs before they start to write. Sample writing: I don\’t agree with all the proverbs about friends or friendship.I agree with the following ones: 1 The same man cannot be both friend and flatterer. 2 Walking with a friend in the dark is better than walking alone in the light. 3 Friendship cannot stand always on one side. I think a person can praise, blame, scold but shouldn\’t flatter his / her friend(s).A friend is a treasure to his / her friend(s).Friends should help each other and share their joys and sorrows—true friendship isn\’t one-sided. I disagree with the following ones: 1 A friend in need is a friend indeed. 2 Friends are like wine; the older, the better. 3 With clothes the new are the best; with friends the old are the best. In my opinion, a friend is a friend.There should be no such terms as true friend or false friend.I think a false friend cannot be a friend at all.I also think that a new friend is as good as an old one.A friend, new or old, is a friend.He / She is always devoted and helpful to his / her friend. * PROJECT Friendship is such a popular topic that there are lots of stories, songs, poems and plays about it.After learning this unit, the students should be encouraged to collect as much material on this subject as they can from the library, media and the Internet.They may hold an English party, where they can put on performances, eg reciting poems, singing songs, telling stories, etc.This is a good way to increase the students?interest in learning English as well as enhance their understanding of friendship. CHECKING YOURSELF This part aims at encouraging students to make a self-assessment after they finish learning each unit.The questions in the Workbook may help them.They should check to see: ● what experience, skill and knowledge they have obtained; ● if their interest has increased or decreased; ● if they are using effective ways of learning; ● what problems they have and what solutions they have found, etc. First get the students to think about these questions individually.Then they can discuss in groups sharing their experience.You can join in and give them advice and suggestions where necessary. Enrichment NOTE PERSONS Anne Frank was born on June 12, 1929 in Frankfurt, Germany.At that time the Jewish community was a key part of the city\’s economic and cultural success.Her father, Otto Frank, was a respected businessman whose ancestors first came to the city centuries before.His family lived in a comfortable five-room flat and Anne was raised with loving concern and great care.In the spring of 1934, a year after Hitler rose to power, the family moved to Holland, whose people welcomed them. After the German invasion of 1940, Anne was forced to leave her school, as were all known Jews.Almost right away, the Gestapo began to send thousands of Dutch resisters to slave labour camps in Germany.Then in February 1941 the Gestapo began to arrest Jews.It was at this moment that Otto Frank made plans to hide his family. For the next 25 months the Franks and another family, the Van Daans, stayed on the top floor, curtains drawn so as not to attract unwanted attention.Sadly, a Dutch employee in the office told the Gestapo of the whereabouts of the families.Finally, they were arrested.They were in one of the last groups of Jews to be taken to the camps.Anne\’s mother got very ill at Auschwitz in Poland and stayed behind when Anne, her sister, and Mrs Van Daan were moved to Belsen, a smaller camp in Germany.Peter, who was in better health than the others, was forced into a long march from the camp where he disappeared.When Margot died in March, 1945, Anne probably lost her desire to live.She died just before her 16th birthday and less than a month before the surviving Jews were liberated by American, British, Canadian and Russian soldiers. BACKGROUND The building in Amsterdam where Anne Frank\’s family hid was not a set of apartments but a small business office with storage rooms.Therefore, people were not expected to come and go from it except during regular business hours.This expectation made it all the more difficult for the Franks to receive visitors.Thus it was that during the day the lower floors continued to serve as a place of business.After working hours, the Frank\’s Dutch friends brought them food, clothing, news from the outside world, and a bit of comfort.When the German Army conquered Holland in the spring of 1940, it soon sent its secret police, the Gestapo, into the peace-loving nation to search for Dutch Jews.Over the next four and a half years more than 100, 000 Dutch Jews were sent to concentration camps in eastern Germany and western Poland.The Frank family was among them. FURTHER READING The following passage is an excerpt, or part, of one of the longest and last entries in Anne Frank\’s diary.It can be used with both whole classes and individual students who show a keen interest in the unit topic.It is not necessary to provide additional background information to students before using this reading passage. A DIARY ENTRY OF ANNE Saturday, 15 July, 1944 \"For in its innermost depths youth is lonelier than old age.\" I read this saying in some book and I\’ve always remembered it, and found it to be true.Is it true then that grownups have a more difficult time here than we do? No.I know it isn\’t.Older people have formed their opinions about everything, and don\’t waver before they act.It\’s twice as hard for us young ones to hold our ground, and maintain our opinions ... Anyone who claims that the older ones have a more difficult time here certainly doesn\’t realize to what extent our problems weigh down on us, problems for which we are probably much too young, but which [are continuous], until, after a long time, we think we\’ve found a solution, but the solution doesn\’t seem able to resist the facts which [put] it to nothing again.That\’s the difficulty in these times: ideals, dreams, and cherished hopes rise within us, only to meet the [terrible] truth and be [destroyed]. It\’s really a wonder that I haven\’t dropped all my ideals, because they seem so [unbelievable] and impossible to carry out.Yet I keep them, because in spite of everything I still believe that people are really good at heart ... Anne puts the following quotation in her diary: \"For in its innermost depths youth is lonelier than old age.\" The \"innermost depths\" Anne refers to here are the deepest, most troubling thoughts of teenagers.After all, Anne was at an age when students are no longer young children but not quite young adults.They are unsure of themselves because they don ‘t quite know just who they are yet.Sometimes this uncertainty leads them to exciting discoveries; more often it causes them confusion and self-doubt.They often feel no one truly understands them — perhaps not even their best friends.In Western culture at least, old age is for many (but not all)a time of separation from parents and children.Their own parents have died and their children are off leading their own lives, perhaps too busy to spend much time with them.Sometimes old people feel neglected; often they don\’t want to be too much trouble to their children.You can use this quotation to have a discussion in which students compare the way Chinese and English-speaking countries treat older family members.Be careful about the conclusions you reach, however, as many old people in the West enjoy living on their own or with others of their own age.Their physical independence often gives them a sense of newfound freedom.Likewise, some older Chinese, although living with children, may not necessarily feel needed or they, too, may prefer being alone (at least some of the time).
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